Peter Chen received the Doctor of Philosophy degree from the University of Toronto, Canada, in 1995. During 1985-1997, he worked on various projects for China International Marine Containers Ltd. (China), Automation Tooling Systems, Inc. (Canada), General Dynamics Corp. (Electronics Division, USA), Philips Pte. Ltd. (Singapore), the University of Toronto (Canada), CRS Robotics Inc. (Canada), and the Canadian Space Agency (Canada). From September 1997 to March 2000, he was a Research Fellow at Singapore Institute of Manufacturing Technology. He joined the National University of Singapore in April 2000.